The first HIV prevention drug for semi-annual use has been approved in the US.

FOSTER CITY, Calif. (BUSINESS WIRE) – Gilead Sciences announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Yeztugo® (lenacapavir), the company’s injectable HIV-1 capsid inhibitor, as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg. This is the first and only twice-yearly option available in the United States for people who need or want PrEP. Data show that ≥99.9% of participants receiving Yeztugo in the phase 3 PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2 trials remained HIV-negative.

“This is a historic day in the long-standing fight against HIV. Yeztugo is one of the most important scientific advancements of our time, offering a real opportunity to help end the HIV epidemic,” stated Daniel O’Day, Chairman and CEO of Gilead Sciences. “This medication, which only needs to be taken twice a year and has demonstrated outstanding results in clinical trials, means it could fundamentally change the approach to HIV prevention. Gilead scientists have dedicated their lives to the fight against HIV, and now, with the FDA’s approval of Yeztugo and through collaboration with our numerous partners, we can help turn this goal into reality.”

The first PrEP medication, also developed by Gilead, was approved in the United States in 2012. However, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that in 2022 (the most recent year for which data are available), only approximately one in three (36%) people in the U.S. who met the CDC’s criteria for PrEP were prescribed it. CDC data indicate that not all population groups in the U.S. are yet utilizing PrEP at levels that could end virus transmission at the population level, with particular gaps among women, Black and Hispanic individuals, and residents of the Southern United States. The data also show that barriers, including issues with adherence, stigma, and low awareness of existing PrEP options—both among healthcare providers and consumers—contribute to this low PrEP usage across various populations. The potential impact of this limited coverage, adherence, and access is underscored by the fact that in 2023, over 100 people were diagnosed with HIV every day in the United States.

“Yeztugo could be the revolutionary PrEP option we have long been waiting for—it has the potential to increase PrEP uptake and adherence, and become a powerful new tool in our mission to end the HIV epidemic,” said Carlos del Rio, MD, Distinguished Professor of Medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Emory University School of Medicine and Co-Director of the Emory Center for AIDS Research in Atlanta. “Twice-yearly injections could significantly reduce key barriers such as non-adherence and stigma faced by individuals taking PrEP more frequently, particularly daily oral regimens. We also know from research that many people who need or want PrEP prefer less frequent dosing.”

The approval of Yeztugo by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is supported by the high efficacy and safety profile of the drug, confirmed in two clinical trials.

The FDA approval of Gilead’s New Drug Applications (NDA) for Yeztugo was supported by data from the phase 3 PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2 trials conducted by Gilead. In the PURPOSE 1 trial (NCT04994509), primary analysis data showed that subcutaneous administration of Yeztugo twice yearly resulted in zero HIV infections among 2134 participants in the Yeztugo group, representing a 100% reduction in HIV incidence and demonstrating superiority in preventing HIV infections compared to once-daily oral Truvada® (emtricitabine 200 mg and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg; F/TDF) in cisgender women in sub-Saharan Africa. In the PURPOSE 2 trial (NCT04925752), there were two HIV infections among 2179 participants in the group receiving subcutaneous Yeztugo twice yearly, showing that 99.9% of participants in the Yeztugo group remained free of HIV and demonstrated superiority in preventing HIV infections compared to once-daily oral Truvada (Truvada is a fixed-dose combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; the drug Truvada has specific activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and hepatitis B virus) among a broad and geographically diverse population of cisgender men and transgender individuals. In both studies, Yeztugo also demonstrated superiority in preventing HIV infections compared to the background HIV incidence (bHIV) and was generally well-tolerated, with no significant or new safety concerns identified. Data from both studies were published in The New England Journal of Medicine, and partly based on the trial results, the journal Science named Lenacapavir its “Breakthrough of the Year” for 2024 in December 2024.

The drug Yeztugo received FDA approval through the Priority Review process. Furthermore, in October 2024, Yeztugo was granted “Breakthrough Therapy” designation, which is intended to expedite the development and review of new drugs that may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing treatments.

Gilead’s U.S. access strategy for Yeztugo is designed to ensure broad availability and accessibility for individuals with and without insurance coverage.

In the United States, Gilead is working closely with insurers, healthcare systems, and other payers to ensure broad insurance coverage for Yeztugo. Furthermore, for eligible individuals with commercial insurance, Gilead’s Advancing Access co-pay savings program will reduce out-of-pocket costs to zero.

Gilead is also committed to providing access to Yeztugo for people in the United States who do not have health insurance. The Gilead Advancing Access medication assistance program will provide Yeztugo at no cost to those who are eligible.

Regulatory submissions are currently underway in multiple countries worldwide.

Outside the United States, Gilead is implementing an access strategy developed with the support of international organizations and public health advocates. This strategy prioritizes speed and establishes the most efficient pathways for regulatory review, approval, and access to twice-yearly lenacapavir for PrEP. Gilead has submitted a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) and an EU-M4all application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Both applications have been validated by the EMA and will undergo accelerated assessment. Gilead has also submitted applications for regulatory approval of twice-yearly lenacapavir for PrEP to the authorities in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and South Africa. Furthermore, now that Yeztugo has received FDA approval, Gilead is preparing additional submissions in countries that require FDA approval for their regulatory filings, including Argentina, Mexico, and Peru. Gilead will continue to provide updates on further regulatory submissions.

Lenacapavir for HIV prevention is not approved by any regulatory authority outside the United States.

That is correct. Currently, there is no cure for HIV or AIDS.

The following is the U.S. indication and important safety information for Yeztugo, including a boxed warning.

About Lenacapavir

Lenacapavir is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV in adults, in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Lenacapavir is also approved in the United States for reducing the risk of sexually acquired HIV in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg, who are at risk.

The multi-stage mechanism of action of lenacapavir is distinct from other currently approved classes of antiviral drugs. While most antiviral drugs target only a single stage of viral replication, lenacapavir is designed to inhibit HIV at multiple stages of its life cycle and has no known in vitro cross-resistance to other existing drug classes.

Lenacapavir is being evaluated as a long-acting agent across numerous ongoing and planned early- and late-stage clinical trials within Gilead’s HIV prevention and treatment research program. Lenacapavir is being developed as a backbone for potential future HIV treatment regimens, aiming to create both oral and injectable long-acting options with varying dosing frequencies, in combination or as monotherapy, to help meet the individual needs and preferences of people and communities affected by HIV. The journal Science named lenacapavir its 2024 “Breakthrough of the Year.”

U.S. Indications for Yeztugo® (lenacapavir)

The Yeztugo (lenacapavir) injection, 463.5 mg/1.5 mL, is indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents (weighing more than 35 kg) who are at risk of HIV-1 infection. A negative HIV-1 test result is required prior to initiating Yeztugo.

WARNING: RISK OF DEVELOPING DRUG RESISTANCE WITH THE USE OF YEZTUGO IN UNDIAGNOSED HIV-1 INFECTION

  • Patients must undergo HIV-1 testing before initiating Yeztugo and before each subsequent Yeztugo injection, using an FDA-approved or cleared assay for the diagnosis of acute or primary HIV-1 infection. Drug-resistant HIV-1 variants have been identified in patients taking Yeztugo with undiagnosed HIV infection. Do not initiate Yeztugo unless negative infection status is confirmed. Patients who acquire HIV-1 while taking Yeztugo should switch to a complete HIV-1 treatment regimen.

Contraindications

  • Yeztugo is contraindicated in individuals with unknown or positive HIV-1 status.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Comprehensive risk management:

  • Use Yeztugo to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV-1 as part of a comprehensive prevention strategy, which includes adherence to the dosing schedule and safer sex practices, including condom use, to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  • Risk of acquiring HIV-1 includes behavioral, biological, and epidemiological factors, including but not limited to condomless sex, a history or presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition, having sexual partners of unknown HIV status, or sexual activity in a high HIV-1 prevalence area or network. Counsel patients on the use of other prevention methods to reduce risk.
  • Yeztugo should be used only by individuals with a confirmed negative HIV-1 status. Assess for the presence of current or recent signs or symptoms consistent with an acute HIV-1 infection. Confirm negative HIV-1 status prior to initiation, prior to each subsequent injection, and as needed.

Potential risk of resistance:

  • There is a potential risk of developing resistance to Yeztugo if an individual acquires HIV-1 before or during the use of Yeztugo, or after its discontinuation. In individuals with an undiagnosed HIV-1 infection who are taking only Yeztugo, HIV-1 resistance may develop because the use of Yeztugo alone is not a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1.
  • To minimize this risk, testing must be performed prior to each injection and additionally as needed. Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV-1 must immediately initiate a complete HIV-1 treatment regimen.
  • Following the discontinuation of Yeztugo, alternative forms of PrEP should be considered for those who continue to be at risk of acquiring HIV-1, and initiated within 28 weeks after the last Yeztugo injection.

Long-acting properties and potential associated risks:

  • Residual concentrations of Yeztugo may persist in the systemic circulation for up to 12 months or longer after the last injection.
  • Select individuals who agree to the required injection schedule, as non-adherence to the schedule or missed doses may lead to the acquisition of HIV-1 and the development of resistance.

Serious injection site reactions: Improper administration (intradermal injection) may lead to serious injection site reactions, including necrosis and ulceration. Yeztugo is for subcutaneous use only.

Adverse reactions

  • The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) in clinical trials of Yeztugo were injection site reactions, headache, and nausea.

Drug Interactions

  • Strong or moderate CYP3A inducers can significantly reduce the concentration of Yeztugo. A dosage adjustment is recommended when initiating these inducers.
  • Concomitant use of Yeztugo with combined P-gp, UGT1A1 inhibitors and strong CYP3A inhibitors is not recommended.
  • Concomitant use of Yeztugo with sensitive CYP3A or P-gp substrates may lead to an increase in their concentrations and an elevated risk of adverse reactions. Yeztugo may potentiate the exposure of drugs primarily metabolized by CYP3A that are initiated within 9 months after the last Yeztugo injection.

Concomitant use of Yeztugo with combined P-gp, UGT1A1 inhibitors and strong CYP3A inhibitors is not recommended.

  • HIV Screening: Test for HIV-1 infection prior to initiation, prior to each subsequent injection, and as clinically indicated, using an approved or cleared assay for the diagnosis of acute or primary HIV-1 infection.
  • Dosage and Administration
  • Initiation: Day 1: 927 mg subcutaneously (2 injections of 1.5 mL each) and 600 mg orally (2 tablets of 300 mg each). Day 2: 600 mg orally.
  • Maintenance: 927 mg subcutaneously every 6 months (26 weeks) from the date of the last injection ±2 weeks.
  • Anticipated Missed Injections: If a scheduled 6-month injection is anticipated to be delayed by more than 2 weeks, Yeztugo tablets may be taken temporarily (for up to 6 months) until injections can be resumed. The dosage is 300 mg orally (one 300 mg tablet) once every 7 days. Resume injections within 7 days of the last oral dose.
  • Missed Injections: If more than 28 weeks have passed since the last injection and Yeztugo tablets have not been taken, re-initiate with the starting dose, if clinically appropriate.
  • A dosage adjustment for Yeztugo is recommended when initiating therapy with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers. Refer to the full prescribing information for recommendations.

About Gilead HIV

For over 35 years, Gilead has been a leading innovator in HIV, driving advancements in treatment, prevention, and cure research. Gilead researchers have developed 13 HIV medications, including the first single-tablet HIV treatment regimen, the first antiretroviral drug for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to help reduce new HIV infections, and the first long-acting injectable HIV treatment administered twice yearly. Our achievements in medical research have helped transform HIV into a manageable and preventable chronic condition for millions of people.

Gilead is committed to continuous scientific innovation to provide solutions that address the evolving needs of people affected by HIV worldwide. Through partnerships, collaborations, and philanthropy, the company also strives to enhance education, expand access to healthcare, and remove barriers to care, aiming to end the HIV epidemic for everyone, everywhere. In a report published by Funders Concerned About AIDS, Gilead was recognized as one of the leading funders of HIV-related programs.

About Gilead Sciences

Gilead Sciences is a biopharmaceutical company that has been pursuing and achieving medical breakthroughs for over three decades, aiming to create a healthier world for all people. The company is dedicated to developing innovative medicines for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis, COVID-19, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. Gilead operates in more than 35 countries worldwide, with its headquarters located in Foster City, California.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including Gilead’s ability to initiate, progress, and complete clinical trials within anticipated timelines or at all, as well as the possibility of unfavorable results from ongoing and additional clinical trials, including those involving Yeztugo (lenacapavir) (such as PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2); uncertainties related to regulatory submissions and associated submission and approval timelines, including regulatory submissions for lenacapavir for PrEP, and the risk that any regulatory approvals, if granted, may be subject to significant use limitations or be subject to recall or other adverse actions by the relevant regulatory authority; the possibility that Gilead may make a strategic decision to discontinue the development of lenacapavir for the indications currently under evaluation, and as a result, lenacapavir may never be successfully commercialized for such indications; the risk that physicians may not see the benefits of prescribing Yeztugo for PrEP; Gilead’s ability to effectively manage the access strategy for lenacapavir, subject to obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals; and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These and other risks, uncertainties, and factors are described in detail in Gilead’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks, uncertainties, and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and is cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead, and Gilead assumes no obligation and disclaims any intent to update any such forward-looking statements.

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